They would base the new governments upon the loyalty of the past plus the aid of enfranchised slaves; he would establish the new regime upon the loyalty of the future.

Like Governor Andrew he thought that restoration must be effected by the willing efforts of the South.

He would aid and guide but not force the people.

If the latter did not wish restoration, they might remain under military rule.

There should be no forced Negro suffrage, no sweeping disfranchisement of whites, no "carpetbaggism." The work of President Johnson demands for its proper understanding some consideration of the condition of the political parties at the close of the war, for politics had much to do with reconstruction.