These were kept in power by Negro voters, to some seven hundred thousand of whom the ballot had been given by the reconstruction acts.

The adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment in March 1870, brought the total in the former slave states to 931,000, with about seventy-five thousand more Negroes in the North.

The Negro voters were most numerous, comparatively, in Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, Alabama, and Georgia.

There were a few thousand carpetbaggers in each State, with, at first, a much larger number of scalawags.

The latter, who were former Unionists, former Whigs, Confederate deserters, and a few unscrupulous politicians, were most numerous in Virginia, North Carolina, Texas, Arkansas, and Tennessee.