Mr.Gladstone, in protest against some words of Mr.Spencer, had said that the appearance of great men "in great crises of human history" were events so striking "that men would be liable to term them providential in a pre-scientific age." On this Mr.Spencer remarks that "in common with the ancient Greek Mr.Gladstone regards as irreligious any explanation of Nature which dispenses with immediate Divine superintendence." And as an instance of the partnership "between the ideas of natural causation and of providential interference," he instances a case where a prince "gained popularity by outliving certain abnormal changes in his blood," and where "on the occasion of his recovery providential aid and natural causation were unitedly recognised by a thanksgiving to God and a baronetcy to the doctor." The passage on Toryism is on page 395, where Mr.Spencer, with his accustomed tolerance, writes: "The desirable thing is that a growth of ideas and feelings tending to produce modification shall be joined with a continuance of ideas and feelings tending to preserve stability." And from this point of view he concludes it to be very desirable that "one in Mr.Gladstone's position should think as he does." The matter is further discussed in the notes to Chapter XVI., page 423.) I never before read a good defence of Toryism.

In one place (but I cannot for the life of me recollect where or what it exactly was) I thought that you would have profited by my principle (i.e.if you do not reject it) given in my "Descent of Man," that new characters which appear late in life are those which are transmitted to the same sex alone.

I have advanced some pretty strong evidence, and the principle is of great importance in relation to secondary sexual likenesses.

(262/3.

This refers to Mr.Spencer's discussion of the evolution of the mental traits characteristic of women.