On the whole, the results of the military operations of the summer were not unfavourable to the confederates.

Beyond the Danube, the Christians, under Prince Lewis of Baden, gained a succession of victories over the Mussulmans.

In the passes of Roussillon, the French troops contended without any decisive advantage against the martial peasantry of Catalonia.

One German army, led by the Elector of Bavaria, occupied the Archbishopric of Cologne.

Another was commanded by Charles, Duke of Lorraine, a sovereign who, driven from his own dominions by the arms of France, had turned soldier of fortune, and had, as such, obtained both distinction and revenge.