The political magistrate may and should intervene in everything which concerns the outward administration of sacred matters....

In France, the government has always presided, in a more or less direct way, over the direction of ecclesiastical affairs."] [Footnote 5147: "Discours, rapports, etc.," by Portalis, p.

31 .-- Ibid., p.143: "To sum up: The Church possesses only a purely spiritual authority; the sovereigns, in their capacity of political magistrates, regulate temporal and mixed questions with entire independence, and, as protectors, they have even the right to see to the execution of canons and to repress, even in spiritual matters, the infractions of pontiffs."] [Footnote 5148: Articles Organiques.1st.Catholic cult, articles 3, 4, 23, 24, 35, 39, 44, 62.2nd.Protestant cults, articles 4, 5, 11, 14, 22, 26, 30, 31, 32, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43 .-- Israelite cult, decree of March 17, 1808, articles 4, 8, 9, 16, 23.

Decree of execution, samedate, articles 2 to 7.] [Footnote 5149: Decree of March 17, 1808, articles 12, 21.] [Footnote 5150: Articles Organiques (Protestant cults), 12 and 13.] [Footnote 5151: Articles Organiques (Catholic cult), 24.

Teachers selected for the seminaries "will subscribe the declaration made by the clergy of France in 1682; they will submit to teaching the doctrine therein set forth."] [Footnote 5152: "Dsicours, rapports, etc," by Portalis, p.