When Russia is the enemy, the pastoral letter must dwell on her being schismatic; also on the Russian misunderstanding of the supremacy of the Pope.

Inasmuch as bishops are functionaries of the empire, their utterances and their acts belong to the Emperor.
Consequently he makes use of them against all enemies, against each rival, rebel or adversary, against the Bourbons, against the English and the Russians, and, finally, against the Pope.
X.The Council of 1811 .-- The Concordat of 1813.
Similar to the Russian expedition, this is the great and last throw of the dice, the decisive and most important of his ecclesiastical undertakings, as the other is in political and military affairs.

Just as, under his leadership, he forces by constraint and, under his lead, a coalition of the political and military powers of his Europe against the Czar,--Austria, Prussia, the Confederation of the Rhine, Holland, Switzerland, the kingdom of Italy, Naples, and even Spain,--so does he by constraint and under his lead coalesce all the spiritual authorities of his empire against the Pope.

He summons a council, consisting of eighty-four bishops that are available in Italy and in France.

He takes it upon himself to drill them, and he makes them march.