I will have no Sulpicians in the seminary of Paris.[5191] Let me know the seminaries that are served by Sulpicians in order that they too may be sent away from these seminaries."[5192]--And let the seminarists who have been badly taught by their masters take heed not to practice in their own behalf the false doctrines which the State proscribes; especially, let them never undertake, as they do in Belgium, to disobey the civil power in deference to the Pope and their bishop.

At Tournay,[5193] all those over eighteen years of age are sent to Magdebourg; at Ghent, the very young or those not fit for military service are put in Saint-Pelagie; the rest, two hundred and thirty-six in number, including forty deacons or sub-deacons, incorporated in an artillery brigade, set out for Wesel, a country of marshes and fevers, where fifty of them soon die of epidemics and contagion .-- There is ever the same terminal procedure; to Abbe d'Astros, suspected of having received and kept a letter of the Pope, Napoleon, with threats, gave him this ecclesiastical watchword: "I have heard that the liberties of the Gallican Church are being taught: but for all that, I wear the sword, so watch out!" So behind all his institutions one discovers the military sanction, the arbitrary punishment, physical constraint, the sword ready to strike; involuntarily, the eyes anticipates the flash of the blade, and the flesh is feels in advance the rigid incision of the steel.
VIII.

Administrative Control.
Changes in the ecclesiastical hierarchy .-- Motives for subordinating the lesser clergy .-- The displacement of assistant priests .-- Increase of episcopal authority .-- Hold of Napoleon over the bishops.
Thus is a conquered country treated.

He is, in relation to the Church, as in a conquered country.[5194] Like Westphalia or Holland, she is a naturally independent country which he has annexed by treaty, which he has been able to include but not absorb in his empire, and which remains invincibly distinct.

The temporal sovereign, in a spiritual society, especially such a sovereign as he is,--nominally Catholic, scarcely Christian, at best a deist and from time to time as it suits,--will never be other than an external suzerain and a foreign prince.