II.
pp.68-69, note 4.)] [Footnote 3175: "Statistiques des prefets," Moselle.

(Analysis by Ferriere.) At Metz, in 1789, there were five free schools for young children, of which one was for boys and four for girls, kept by monks or nuns; in the year XII there were none: "An entire generation was given up to ignorance." Ibid., Ain, by Bossi, 1808: "In 1800, there were scarcely any primary schools in the department, as in the rest of France." In 1808, there are scarcely thirty .-- Albert Duruy, p.480, 496.
(Proces-verbaux des conseils-generaux, year IX.) Vosges: "Scarcely any primary instruction."-- Sarthe: "Primary instruction, none."-- Meuse-Inferieure: "It is feared that in fifteen years or so there will not be one man in a hundred able to write," etc.] [Footnote 3176: These are the minimum figures, and they are arrived at through the following calculation.

Before 1789, 47 men out of 100, and 26 women out of 100, that is to say 36 or 37 persons in 100, received primary instruction.

Now, according to the census from 1876 to 1881 (official statistics of primary instruction, III., XVI.), children from six to thirteen number about twelve % of the entire population.
Accordingly, in 1789, out of a population of 26 millions, the children from 6 to 13 numbered 3,120,000, of whom 1,138,000 learned to read and write.

It must be noted that, in 1800, the adult population had greatly diminished, and that the infantine population had largely increased.
France, moreover, is enlarged by 12 departments (Belgium, Savoy, Comtat, Nice), where the old schools had equally perished .-- If all the old schools had been kept up, it is probable that the children who would have had primary instruction would have numbered nearly 1,400,000.] [Footnote 3177: Saint Thomas, "Summa theologica," pars III., questio 60 usque ad 85: "Sacramenta efficiunt quod figurant....