Hence, if it be just for one to be sovereign and free on its own domain, it is just for the other to be equally sovereign and free, If the Church encroaches when it assumes to regulate the constitution of the State, then the State also encroaches when it pretends to regulate the constitution of the Church.

If the former claims the respect of the latter on its domain, the latter must show equal respect for the former on its ground.

The boundary-line between the two territories is, undoubtedly, not clearly defined and frequent contests arise between the two.

Sometimes these may be forestalled or terminated by each shutting itself up within a wall of separation, and by their remaining as much as possible indifferent to each other, as is the case in America.

At another, they may, by a carefully considered contract,[2267] each accord to the other specific rights on the intermediate zone, and both exercise their divided authority on that zone, which is the case in France.