There must be no orders in a State, no avowed or concealed political privileges, no constitutional complications or electoral combinations by which an aristocracy, however liberal and capable, may put its hands upon any portion of the public power .-- On the contrary, because it was once privileged to enjoy important and rewarding public employment, the candidacy of the upper classes is now suspect.

All projects which, directly or indirectly, reserve or provide a place for it, are refused: At first the Royal Declaration, which, in conformity with historical precedents, maintained the three orders in three distinct chambers, and only summoned them to deliberate together "on matters of general utility." Then the plan of the Constitutional Committee, which proposed a second Chamber, appointed for life by the King on the nomination of the Provincial Assemblies.

And finally the project of Mounier who proposed to confide to these same Assemblies the election of a Senate for six years, renewed by thirds every two years.
This Senate was to be composed of men of at least thirty-five years of age, and with an income in real property of 30,000 livres per annum.

The instinct of equality is too powerful and a second Chamber is not wanted, even if accessible to plebeians.

Through it,[2216] "The smaller number would control the greater;"...