Making hooks from bones led to the development of a few fishing communities near present-day Kenya.
As the communities along the Nile grew in size and number, society began to develop a complex urban civilization.

By 3,200 B.C.

the communities along the Nile had become politically united under the first of a line of great pharaohs.

These early Egyptians undoubtedly were comprised of a racial mixture.

The ancient Greeks viewed the Egyptians as being dark in complexion, and it has been estimated that the Egyptian population at the beginning was at least one-third Negro.