But as soon as he had taken the crown, contrary to the general expectation, he became an enemy of the pope, occupied Romagna, and prepared to attack the kingdom.

On this account the pope excommunicated him; he was abandoned by every one, and the electors appointed Frederick, king of Naples, emperor in his stead.

Frederick came to Rome for his coronation; but the pope, being afraid of his power, would not crown him, and endeavored to withdraw him from Italy as he had done Otho.

Frederick returned to Germany in anger, and, after many battles with Otho, at length conquered him.

Meanwhile, Innocent died, who, besides other excellent works, built the hospital of the Holy Ghost at Rome.