[The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay Vol. 1 (of 4) by Thomas Babington Macaulay]@TWC D-Link bookThe Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay Vol. 1 (of 4) BOOK XII 34/52
The blacker the story, the firmer is his belief, and he never fails to inveigh with hearty bitterness against democracy as the source of every species of crime. The Athenians, I believe, possessed more liberty than was good for them.
Yet I will venture to assert that, while the splendour, the intelligence, and the energy of that great people were peculiar to themselves, the crimes with which they are charged arose from causes which were common to them with every other state which then existed. The violence of faction in that age sprung from a cause which has always been fertile in every political and moral evil, domestic slavery. The effect of slavery is completely to dissolve the connection which naturally exists between the higher and lower classes of free citizens. The rich spend their wealth in purchasing and maintaining slaves.
There is no demand for the labour of the poor; the fable of Menenius ceases to be applicable; the belly communicates no nutriment to the members; there is an atrophy in the body politic.
The two parties, therefore, proceed to extremities utterly unknown in countries where they have mutually need of each other.
In Rome the oligarchy was too powerful to be subverted by force; and neither the tribunes nor the popular assemblies, though constitutionally omnipotent, could maintain a successful contest against men who possessed the whole property of the state.
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