How should there be eighteen copies, all different from the original, and from one another, in minor matters?
We are compelled to translate--"the eighteen schools," an expression well known in all Buddhist writings.

See Rhys Davids' Manual, p.

218, and the authorities there quoted.
(4) This is equivalent to the "binding" and "loosing," "opening" and "shutting," which found their way into the New Testament, and the Christian Church, from the schools of the Jewish Rabbins.
(5) It was afterwards translated by Fa-Hsien into Chinese.

See Nanjio's Catalogue of the Chinese Tripitaka, columns 400 and 401, and Nos.

1119 and 1150, columns 247 and 253.
(6) A gatha is a stanza, generally consisting, it has seemed to me, of a few, commonly of two, lines somewhat metrically arranged; but I do not know that its length is strictly defined.
(7) "A branch," says Eitel, "of the great vaibhashika school, asserting the reality of all visible phenomena, and claiming the authority of Rahula." (8) See Nanjio's Catalogue, No.1287.He does not mention it in his account of Fa-Hsien, who, he says, translated the Samyukta-pitaka Sutra.
(9) Probably Nanjio's Catalogue, No.