30' to the Pacific by an extension of the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and that in this way the political strength of their section would be vastly enhanced.
But not long after the signing of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, an event happened which put to naught the anticipations of Southern statesmen.

Gold was discovered in California late in the autumn of 1848, and by one of those marvels of emigration which the Anglo- Saxon race have more than once achieved, the Pacific slope was immediately filled with a hardy, resolute, intelligent population.
In less than a year they organized a State government, adopted a constitution in which slavery was forever prohibited, and were ready by the close of 1849 to apply for admission to the Union.
The inhabitants had no powers of civil government conferred by Congress; the only authority exercised by the United States being that of Colonel Bennett Riley of the regular army, who had been placed in command immediately after the Treaty of Peace by President Polk, and who was left undisturbed by President Taylor.
Congress convened on the first Monday of December, 1849, amid deep feeling, rapidly growing into excitement throughout the country.
For three weeks the House was unable to organize by the choice of a speaker.

The Democratic candidate was Howell Cobb; the Whig candidate, Robert C.Winthrop.

The contest was finally settled on the sixty-third ballot, in accordance with a previous agreement that a plurality should elect.

Mr.Cobb received one hundred and two votes; Mr.Winthrop ninety-nine, with twenty votes scattering, principally anti-slavery Whigs and Free-Soilers.