Serving under General McDowell were General William T.Sherman, General Hunter, General Burnside, General Miles, General Heintzelman, General Fitz-John Porter, and General Howard.
Serving under General Beauregard were Stonewall Jackson, General Longstreet, General Ewell, General J.E.B.Stuart.

General Joseph E.Johnston re-enforced Beauregard with another army during the fight, and became the ranking-officer on the field.

The defeat of the Union army was complete; it was a _rout_, and on the retreat became a panic.

When the troops reached the protection of the fortifications around Washington, a thorough demoralization pervaded their ranks.

The holiday illusion had been rudely dispelled, and the young men who had enlisted for a summer excursion, suddenly found that they were engaged in a bloody war in which comrades and friends had been slain by their side, and in which they saw nothing before them but privation, peril, loss of health, and possibly loss of life.