Mr.McKinney will also be happy to answer any queries on the subject you may have to propose.
I have the honor to be respectfully, sir, Your most obedient servant, ALBERT GALLATIN Mr.James Rochelle, Jerusalem, Southampton County, Virginia.
_Communicated by J.H.Rochelle, Jerusalem, Virginia._] [Footnote 24: Among the most distinguished of those who have followed the pathway indicated by Mr.Gallatin was the late George Gibbs, an indefatigable student and an admirable ethnologist.

His Chinook jargon was published by the Smithsonian Institution.] [Footnote 25: Mr.du Ponceau became president of the learned societies of Pennsylvania: the Historical Society and the American Philosophical Society.] [Footnote 26: His favorite novel was _The Antiquary_, which he read once a year.

Novels, he said, should be read, the last chapter first, in order that appreciation of the style should not be lost in the interest excited by the story.] [Footnote 27: Mr.Gallatin's assertion, which corresponded with that of Jefferson, that Washington had naturally strong passions, but had attained complete mastery over them, is quoted by the Earl of Stanhope (Lord Mahon) in his famous eulogy of Washington's attributes.] [Footnote 28: The Gallatins claim to descend from one Callatinus, a Roman Consul.] [Footnote 29: _Souvenirs d'un Diplomate._ Paris, 1882.] [Footnote 30: This was the vault of the Witter family, a daughter of which Commodore Nicholson married.] [Footnote 31: "In my youth the fashion was to decide in conformity with Lavater's precepts; then came Camper's facial angle, which gave a decided superiority to the white man and monkey; and both have been superseded by the bumps of the skull.

This criterion is that which suits me best, for Spurzheim declared I had a _capital_ head, which he might without flattery say to everybody." _Gallatin to Lewis T.Cist of Cincinnati, November_ 21, 1837.] INDEX Adams, Henry, calls treaty of Ghent the work of Gallatin, 324.
Adams, John, announces election of Gallatin as senator, 60; convenes Congress to consider relations with France, 132; his message, 133; replies coolly to resolution of House, 136, 137; remarks of McClanachan to, 138; his message in 1797, 139; visited by House to present answer, 140; wishes to establish new foreign missions, 141; informs Congress of French outrages, 147; and of preparations for war, 147; sends in X Y Z dispatches, 149; sends message on French relations, 152, 153; urges preparation for war, 155; thanks House for support, 155; delighted with support of Congress in 1799, 158; congratulates Congress on settlement at Washington, 162; supported for President by New England, 163; in election of 1800, 165; attributes distresses of Confederation to financial ignorance, 174; his breach with Hamilton, 177.
Adams, John Quincy, on results of Gallatin's proposed appointment as secretary of state, 295; meets Gallatin and Bayard at St.Petersburg, 302; his training, comparison with Gallatin, 302, 303; given new commission, 312; differs with Clay over fisheries and Mississippi navigation, 323; appointed minister to England, 326; advised by Gallatin concerning commercial treaty, 333; appointed secretary of state, 334; informed by Gallatin of disadvantages of a war with Spain, 336, 337; his arguments in Apollon case disregarded by Gallatin, 338; his indignation, 338; writes opinion of Gallatin in his diary, 333, 339; described by Gallatin to Badollet, 339, 356; his pugnacity complained of by Crawford, 339; negotiates treaty with De Neuville, 340; comments of Gallatin upon, 340; appoints Rush secretary of treasury, 342; offers mission to England to Gallatin, 342, 343; promises Gallatin _carte blanche_, but gives him full instructions, 343; his instructions to Rush printed, 345; warns Gallatin to yield nothing, 346; congratulates Gallatin on his success, 348; candidate for presidency, 356; elected by House of Representatives, 358; at meeting of New York Historical Society, 384; Gallatin's friendly greeting to, 384; eulogizes Gallatin, 384, 385; his changing party compared with Gallatin's steadiness, 385; death, 386.
Adams, William, on English peace commission, 316.
Addington, Henry, on Clay's tone as diplomat, 345.
Adet, P.A., French minister, imperils sympathy for France by impudence to Washington, 128; condemned by Federalists, 134; recommends tricolor, 153.
Aix-la-Chapelle, Congress of, 337.
Alexander, Emperor of Russia, authorizes renewal of mediation, 308; fails to inform Romanzoff of Castlereagh's refusal, 311, 312; vain efforts of Crawford to secure interview with, 315; promises Lafayette to use influence in behalf of United States, 315; has interview with Gallatin, 315; informs Gallatin that he can do nothing more, 316.
Algiers, treaty with, 117, 118.
Alien Bill, debate and passage in House, 152; petitions against, in Congress, 157.
Allegheny County, its part in Whiskey Insurrection, 49, 68, 78, 96; elects Gallatin to Congress, 93, 127.
Allegre, Sophie, marries Gallatin, her character and death, 30.
Allegre, William, father-in-law of Gallatin, 30.
Allen, -- --, in debate on French relations, 136; attacks Gallatin as a French agent, 150.
Allston, Joseph W., at free trade convention, 1831, 241.
American Ethnological Society, founded by Gallatin, 379; its transactions, 379, 380.
Ames, Fisher, leading orator of Federalists, 99; his speech on the Jay treaty, 120, 121; reports answer to President's Message, 128; defends it against Giles, 129; leaves Congress, his oratory, 133.
Anderson, Professor, member of "The Club," 367.
Anti-Federalists, call convention to organize in favor of amending Constitution, 37; adopt resolutions to organize throughout the State, 39, 40; recommend amendments by petition, 40.
Apollon, seizure of, explained by Gallatin and Adams, 338.
Army, reduction of, advocated by Gallatin, 108, 123, 129, 130, 186, 188; his course defended, 216.
Arnold, Benedict, effect of his treason, 12; campaign of Lafayette against, 371.
Ashburton, Lord.

See Baring, Alexander.
Astor, John Jacob, assists Gallatin to float loan, 214; wishes destruction of United States Bank, 259; subscribes capital of bank on condition that Gallatin manage its affairs, 269; his fur enterprise, 287; offered protection by Jefferson, 288; his settlement at Astoria, 288; unable to persuade Madison to support him, 288.
Astoria, foundation and history of, 288.
Atwater, -- --, member of Ethnological Society, 379.
Bache, Franklin, educated at Geneva, 4; attacks Washington as a defaulter, in "Aurora," 104.
Bache, Richard, letter to, furnished by Franklin to Gallatin, 11.
Bacourt, M.de, describes Gallatin in old age, 386.
Badollet, Jean, college friend of Gallatin, 5; Arcadian schemes of, 9; letter of Gallatin to, 9; letters of Serre to, on life in Maine, 15, 25; informs Gallatin of troubles in Geneva, 25; at Gallatin's invitation, joins him in America, 25, 26; established at Greensburg, 27; letter of Gallatin to, 43; with Gallatin at anti-excise convention, 52; advised by Gallatin to avoid United States marshal, 55; letter of Gallatin to, on French Revolution, 56; letter of Gallatin to, on his wife, 59; instructed by Gallatin to secure reelection of unseated members of legislature, 95; given an office by Gallatin, 287, 326; remark of Gallatin to, 299; letter of Gallatin to, on J.Q.Adams, 339; takes shares in Gallatin's land scheme, 361; manages store for Gallatin, 362; letters of Gallatin to, 365, 370.
Balbi, quotes Gallatin in his Atlas, 374.
Baldwin, Abraham, on committee on finance, 106.
Bank of North America, established by Morris, 172, 248; its purpose, 248; organization, 248, 249; difficulties of starting, 249, 260; its services, 249; jealousy of Pennsylvania toward, 250.
Bank of United States, established by Hamilton, 175, 250, 251; its organization, 251, 252; borrowed from, by Gallatin, 204; petitions for a re-charter, 252; Gallatin's report in favor of, 252-254; a re-charter refused, 231, 254; its value, 255; opinion of Gallatin on, 255; controls state banks, 259; desire of Astor to crush, 259; remits specie to foreign stockholders, 260; its dissolution causes panic, 262, 263; reincorporation proposed, 265; vetoed, then approved, by Madison, 265; its subsequent history, 266; helps resumption of specie payments, 267; presidency of, declined by Gallatin, 268; deposits removed from, by Taney, 269; accepts charter from Pennsylvania, 271; its subsequent career, 271; fails in 1839, 276; weakness of Madison in 1812 in allowing its dissolution, 296.
Bank, National, of New York, connection of Gallatin with, 269-277.
Banks, state, difficulty of controlling their issues, 256; their evil effects, 257; status in 1811, 258; increase after termination of Bank of United States, 261, 262; suspend payment in 1815, 262; agree to resume, 267; supported by second Bank of United States, 267; Gallatin's "Considerations on," etc., 268; connection of Gallatin with, 269-277; speculation craze of, in 1836, 271, 272; suspend payment in 1837, 272; conventions of, to prepare for resumption, 273-275; aided by Treasury, 275; "Suggestions" of Gallatin, 277.
Barbour, Philip P., presides over free trade convention in 1831, 241.
Baring, Alexander, explains to Gallatin British reasons for refusing Russian mediation, 306, 307; reply of Gallatin, 309; urges Gallatin to visit England, 311; requested by Gallatin to send passports, 313; his mission to America, 349, 350; his manner of negotiation with Webster, 350; visits Gallatin, 350; comparison with Gallatin, 350; his death, 386.
Barings, connection with Louisiana purchase, 193, 195; competition of Bank of United States with, 271; letter of Gallatin to, 305.
Barras, Comte, encouraged by Napoleon's success to bold measures against United States, 132.
Bartlett, John Russell, gives anecdotes of Gallatin, 13, 22.
Bartlett, -- --, member of Ethnological Society, 379.
Bathurst, Lord, promises to appoint peace commissioners, 314; reopens negotiations, 319; insists on possession of part of Maine, 321.
Bayard, James A., elected to Congress, 132; on legislative encroachments on executive, 143; on resolution to furnish foreign correspondence, 156; defends Sedition Law by a clever amendment, 159; moves committee to arrange for balloting in 1800, 166; accompanies Gallatin as peace commissioner, 301, 302; willing to accept an informal renunciation of impressment, 305; goes to Amsterdam, 312; on new commission to treat directly, 312; visits London, 313; asks Monroe for authority to negotiate anywhere, 314; appointed minister to Russia, 326.
Baylies, -- --, his report on Western territory complained of by England, 345.
Bentham, Jeremy, works translated by Dumont, 5; influences Gallatin, 388.
Bentson, -- --, on Astor's hostility to United States Bank, 259.
Berlin and Milan decrees, negotiations for compensation for seizures under, 333.
Biddle, C.C., at free trade convention in 1831, 241.
Biddle, Nicholas, in panic of 1837, 275.
Blount, William, on committee on finance, 107; impeached, 138.
Bonaparte, Jerome, his flight to America, 332.
Bonaparte, Napoleon, his precocity compared to that of Gallatin, 32; effect of his Italian successes on French policy, 132, 139; adopts conciliatory tone, 160; issues Milan decree, 229; seen by Gallatin during Hundred Days, 326; American sympathy for, explained by Gallatin, 331.
Boorman, James, at free trade convention in 1831, 241.
Borgo, Pozzo di, compared to Gallatin, 32.
Boston, visit of Gallatin to, 12-14, 17; Puritanical society in, 13; prejudice against French, 13; Gallatin's opinion of, 18; protests against Jay treaty, 103.
Botts, John M., letter of Gallatin to, on bank, 256.
Boundary, northeast, in treaty of Ghent, 321, 322; discussed in 1826, 343; referred to arbitration, 347; argument concerning, prepared by Gallatin, 349; decision of King of Netherlands rejected by United States, 349; documents concerning, published by Gallatin, 349; settled by Ashburton treaty, 350.
Bourdillon, -- --, takes share in Gallatin's land scheme, 361.
Bourne, Shearjashub, on committee on finance, 106.
Brackenridge, Judge H.H., on Gallatin's part in anti-excise agitation, 50; in Washington County, advises moderation, 69; an authority for history of insurrection, 71; his character and policy, 71; leads Pittsburgh committee to urge moderation upon rioters, 72; describes Bradford's behavior, 72; his estimate of numbers under arms, 72; compares excitement with that in 1765 and 1775, 74; at Parkinson's Ferry meeting, 78; supports Gallatin's efforts to prevent rebellion, 80, 82; on committee to confer with United States commissioners, 81; describes Gallatin's speech, 82; claims credit for preventing civil war, 84; on threats of secession, 86; defeated by Gallatin for Congress, 93.
Bradford, David, represents Washington County in anti-excise proceedings, 51; elected to legislature, 54; low opinion of Gallatin concerning, 54; tries to shirk responsibility, 69; then determines on extreme measures, robs mail, 69; calls for armed resistance, 70; unable to countermand order, 70; assumes office of major-general, 72; his harangue to the insurgents, 73; at meeting at Parkinson's Ferry, 78; advocates armed resistance, 79; on committee on resolutions, 80; named to confer with United States commissioners, 81; urges rejection of their terms, 81, 82; excepted from amnesty, flies from the country, 84, 85.
Bradford, James, in anti-excise convention, 52.
Bradford, -- --, member of Ethnological Society, 379.
Bradish, Luther, his eulogy of Gallatin, 388.
Breading, Nicholas, in Pennsylvania ratifying convention, 35.
Breckenridge, John, his brief career, 355.
Brevoort, -- --, member of "The Club," 367.
Brodhead, John Romeyn, orator at fortieth anniversary of New York Historical Society, 384.
Buck, Daniel, on committee on finance, 107.
Burke, Edmund, on place of revenue in the state, 218.
Burr, Aaron, his connection with Dayton, 104; in presidential election of 1800, 163, 164, 166, 167; alienated from Jefferson by refusal to appoint Davis, 282.
Cabinet, its lack of financial cooeperation under Jefferson, 188; criticises Jefferson's messages, 283; weekly meetings of, suggested by Gallatin, 283; absence of system in, 284; dissensions and reorganization under Madison, 296, 297.
Cabot, George, on committee to consider Gallatin's eligibility to senate, 61.
Calhoun, John C., reports plan for a national bank, 265; ascribes Gallatin's disregard of Adams's arguments in Apollon case to "pride," 338; Gallatin's opinion of, 355; elected Vice-President, 358; on Gallatin's ethnological studies, 378.
California, discovery of gold in, 353, 354.
Campbell, George W., furnished with report by Gallatin on injuries of Great Britain, 292, 303; secretary of treasury, 312.
Canning, George, his policy toward United States, 225, 295, 344; attitude of Gallatin toward, in negotiation, 345; death, 347.
Carnahan, Dr., describes entry of Whiskey Rebellion prisoners into Cannonsburg, 91.
Castlereagh, Lord, discourages offer of Russia to mediate, 304; gives assurance of safety to cartel-ship, 307; refuses second offer of mediation, 311; offers to deal directly, 312; member of cabinet most favorable to America, 314; advises English commissioners to moderate demands, 319; approves treaty of Ghent, 326; arranges commercial convention with Gallatin, 326; expresses friendly feelings, 335.
Cazenove, -- --, takes shares in Gallatin's land scheme, 361.
Charles X., in Revolution of 1830, 370, 372.
Chase, Salmon P., negotiations with Treasury Note Committee, 196 and note; follows Gallatin's treasury-note plan, 209; organizes national banking system, 256.
Chateaubriand, succeeds Montmorenci, 340; negotiates unsuccessfully with Gallatin, 341; quotes Gallatin's statement of Cuban question, 346.
Cheriot, -- --, takes share in Gallatin's land scheme, 361.
Chesapeake, captured by Leopard, 224.
Chevalier, Michel, his studies on money, 278.
Cheves, Langdon, at free trade convention in 1831, 241.
Choteau, Pierre Louis, meets Gallatin, his influence over Indians, 287, 374.
Circourt, Count de, reviews Gallatin's "Synopsis of the Indian Tribes," 378.
Civil service, monopolized by Federalists, 280; demands of Republicans for a share in, 281; Gallatin's opinion of appointments to and conduct of, 281; intention of Jefferson to give one half of, to Republicans, 282.
Clare, Thomas, his house the headquarters of Gallatin in 1784, 22, 24; rents Gallatin a house, 25.
Clay, Henry, denounces Gallatin for advocating free trade, 242; apologizes, 242; on peace commission, 312; arrives at Gottenburg, 313; corresponds with Gallatin concerning place of negotiation, 314; differs with Adams over Mississippi navigation and fisheries, 323; joins Gallatin in England, 326; urges Gallatin to accept mission to Panama Congress, 342; letter of Gallatin to, on instructions as minister to England, 343; tone of his diplomatic correspondence, 345; Gallatin's opinion of, 356; resignation of Gallatin in his favor, 358; secures election of Adams, 358.
Clinton, George, marriage of his daughter to Genet, 102.
"Club, The," in New York, Gallatin's membership of, 366, 367.
Coast survey, established, 290.
Coinage, debate concerning, in Congress, 140; regulated by Morris, 172.
Coles, Edward, letter of Gallatin to, 284.
Confederation, Articles of, political conditions under, 33, 34.
Congress, adopts amendments to Constitution suggested by New York and Virginia, 40; passes excise law, 49; modifies it, 52; gives state courts jurisdiction in excise cases, 67; receives tricolor from France, 130; complained of by Jefferson as weak, 138; suspends commercial intercourse with France, 151; passes acts authorizing naval defense, 153; presence of Washington, Pinckney, and Hamilton at, in 1798, 155; speech of Adams to, 155; responsibility for war thrown upon, by Madison, 205; authorizes loan in 1812, 209, 212; damages Treasury by procrastination, 212; supports Gallatin's policy of extinguishing debt, 215; repeals internal revenue act, 221; passes embargo, 225; extends terms of credit on revenue bonds, 226; refuses to recharter the bank, 231, 254; declares war, imposes increased duties, 234; reimposes internal taxes, 236; adopts non-importation against England and France, 292; orders out naval force, 294; repeals embargo, 294.
Constable, John, at free trade convention in 1831, 241.
Constellation, defeats La Vengeance, 160.
Constitution of Pennsylvania, convention called to revise, 40, 41; its membership and ability, 42, 43.
Constitution of the United States, adopted, 35; struggle over ratification in Pennsylvania, 35; movement in favor of new convention to amend, 36-40; amended, 40; power of Representatives to appropriate, 109; debate in Congress on relation of treaty power to House of Representatives, 110-115; argument of Washington on treaty power, 114, 115; debate in House on relation of Executive to Congress, 142-147; power of Senate to require treasury reports, 161; in relation to state bills of credit, 257; question of power of United States to acquire territory, 285; in relation to National University, 291; to annexation of Texas, 351.
Cook, Edward, presides over meeting of whiskey insurgents at Parkinson's Ferry, 79; indorses resolution to submit to terms of United States commissioners, 83.
Cooper, Dr.Samuel, interested in Gallatin through Madame Pictet, 17.
Couronne, -- --, takes shares in Gallatin's land scheme, 361.
Crawford, William H., follows Gallatin's treasury policy, 215; at Gallatin's suggestion, urges Emperor again to mediate, 315; complains of Adams's pugnacity, 339; wishes Gallatin to stand for Vice-President, 341; looked upon by Gallatin as strongest leader after the triumvirate, 355; supported by Gallatin, Jefferson, and Madison against Adams, 356; stricken with paralysis, 357; nominated for President by caucus, 357; defeated by Adams, 358.
Cuba, avowed intention of United States to prevent English seizure of, by war if necessary, 346.
Cumberland Road, reported to Congress in 1807, 290.
Dallas, Alexander J., his career compared to that of Gallatin, 28, 58; his parentage, 58; secretary of state for Pennsylvania, 58; friendship with Gallatin, 58; excursion with Gallatin, 58, 59; describes to Gallatin his experiences with militia in suppressing Whiskey Rebellion, 92; follows Gallatin's loan policy, 215; regrets absence of internal taxes, 236; proposes a national bank, 265; resigns, 266.
Dallas, Mrs.A.J., on excursion with her husband and Gallatin, 58, 59.
Dallas, George M., accompanies Gallatin to Europe, 301; sent to London, his instructions, 310; informs Gallatin of English offer to treat directly, 311; takes dispatch to Monroe, 318.
Davis, Garrett, letter of Gallatin to, on manifest destiny, 352.
Davis, Matthew L., quarrel between Jefferson and Burr over his appointment, 282.
Dawson, John, on Sedition Law, 162.
Dayton, Jonathan, elected speaker of House by Democrats, 98; anti-British in feeling, 104; not influenced by connection with Burr, 104; reelected speaker, 132; introduces resolution on Adams's message, 134; joins Federalists after X Y Z affair, 149; refuses to answer Gallatin, 153; vote of thanks to, 158.
Debt, public, payment by public lands urged by Gallatin, 122; its permanence condemned by Gallatin, 126; controversy between Gallatin and Smith as to increase of, 126; attempt of Continental Congress to investigate, 171; attempts of Morris to secure its funding, 172, 173; funded by Hamilton, 174, 175; increased under Wolcott, 178; creation of domestic loans, 178; Gallatin's subdivision of, 184, 185; its extinction Gallatin's main desire, 186, 188, 198, 203, 208; stated by Gallatin in 1801-2, 191; plan for its discharging, 191; actual reduction of, 192; increased through Louisiana purchase, 192, 193, 195; new funds, 195, 196; funding of debt in 1807, 198; statement regarding, in 1808, 202; its increase during war foreseen by Gallatin, 203; reduction in 1812, 205; loan of 1812, 209; declines below par, 210; revives, 211; loan of twenty-one millions, 212; increase in 1816, 215; Gallatin's policy toward, continued by Dallas and Crawford, 215; eventually extinguished, 215, 269, 271; absence regretted by Woodbury, 271.
De Fersen, his correspondence proves guilt of Louis XVI., 57.
De Lolme, -- --, school companion of Gallatin, 5.
Democratic party.