His counsel was adopted; but Norfolk trusted to coarser means of attaining his end.

Like most of the English nobles and the whole of the merchant class, his sympathies were with the House of Burgundy; he looked upon Wolsey as the real hindrance to the divorce through the French policy which had driven Charles into a hostile attitude; and he counted on the Cardinal's fall to bring about a renewal of friendship with the Emperor and to ensure his support.

The father of Anne Boleyn, now created Earl of Wiltshire, was sent in 1530 on this errand to the Imperial Court.

But Charles remained firm to Catharine's cause, and Clement would do nothing in defiance of the Emperor.

Nor was the appeal to the learned world more successful.