So well did they understand the aim of Charles in concluding it that they gave him the gold which enabled him to reach Spain.

Master of Castile and Aragon, of Naples and the Netherlands, the Spanish king rose into a check on the French monarchy such as the policy of Henry or Wolsey had never been able to construct before.

Instead of towering over Europe, Francis found himself confronted in the hour of his pride by a rival whom he was never to overcome; while England, deserted and isolated as she seemed for the moment, was eagerly sought in alliance by both princes.

In October 1518 Francis strove to bind her to his cause by a new treaty of peace, in which England sold Tournay to France and the hand of the French dauphin was promised to Henry's daughter Mary, now a child of two years old.
[Sidenote: Wolsey's greatness] At the close of 1518 therefore the policy of Wolsey seemed justified by success.

He had found England a power of the second order, overawed by France and dictated to by Ferdinand of Spain.