[The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria by Morris Jastrow]@TWC D-Link book
The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria

CHAPTER IX
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But while the god disappears, the name survives.

Nun-gal with the plural sign attached becomes a collective designation for a group of powerful demons.[193] In this survival and use of the name we have an interesting example of the manner in which, by a species of differentiation, local gods, unable to maintain themselves by the side of more powerful rivals, sink to the lower grade of demons, either beneficent or noxious.

In this grade, too, distinctions are made, as will be pointed out at the proper place.

There is a 'pantheon' of demons as well as of gods in the Babylonian theology.
Nun-gal accordingly recovers some of his lost dignity by becoming an exceptionally powerful demon--so powerful as to confer his name upon an entire class.

The god Zamama appears in connection with a date attached to a legal document of the days of Hammurabi.


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