In this manner the other castes originated.

Thus the Kaivarttas or Kewats were the offspring of a Kshatriya father and Vaishya mother, and so on.

Mixed marriages in the opposite direction, of a woman of a higher caste with a man of a lower one, were reprobated as strongly as possible, and the offspring of these were relegated to the lowest position in society; thus the Chandals, or descendants of a Sudra father and Brahman mother, were of all men the most base.

It has been recognised that this genealogy, though in substance the formation of a number of new castes through mixed descent may have been correct, is, as regards the details, an attempt made by a priestly law-giver to account, on the lines of orthodox tradition, for a state of society which had ceased to correspond to them.
9.

Occupational theory of caste.
In the ethnographic description of the people of the Punjab, which forms the Caste chapter of Sir Denzil Ibbetson's _Census Report_ of 1881, it was pointed out that occupation was the chief basis of the division of castes, and there is no doubt that this is true.