These are, first, the method of Reproduction.
The individual is asked to reproduce, as in an oral or written examination, what he remembers of something told him a certain time before.

This is the ordinary method of the schools and colleges, of civil-service examinations, etc.

Second, the method of Identification, which calls upon the person to identify a thing, sentence, report, etc., a second or third time, as being the same in all respects as that which he experienced the first time it appeared.

Third, the method of Selection, in which we show to the person a number of things, sentences, reports, descriptions of objects, etc., and require him to select from them the ones which are exactly the same as those he has had before.

These methods will be better understood from the account now to be given of the way they were carried out on a large number of students.
[Footnote 7: Prof.H.C.Warren, Mr.W.J.Shaw, and the writer.] The first experiments were made by Messrs.