In this case we call them Motives; but we are dependent upon these Motives, these Suggestions; we can not act without Motives, nor can we fail to act on those Motives which we have; just as, in the earlier cases, we could not act without some sort of Perceptions or Imaginations or Memories, and we could not fail to act on the Perceptions or other mental states which we had.

Voluntary action or Will is therefore only a complex and very highly conscious case of the general law of Motor Suggestion; it is the form which suggested action takes on when Apperception is at its highest level.
The converse of Suggestion is also true--that we can not perform an action without having in the mind at the time the appropriate thought, or image, or memory to suggest the action.

This dependence of action upon the thought which the mind has at the time is conclusively shown in certain patients having partial paralysis.

These patients find that when the eyes are bandaged they can not use their limbs, and it is simply because they can not realize without seeing the limb how it would feel to move it; but open the eyes and let them see the limb--then they move it freely.

A patient can not speak when the cortex of the brain is injured in the particular spot which is used in remembering how the words feel or sound when articulated.