and P._, v., 148), in 1532 as "true apostles of the new sect" (_ibid._, v., 850), and in 1533 as "perfect Lutherans" (_ibid._, vi., 142).] It is otherwise with her rival, Queen Catherine, the third of the principal characters involved in the divorce.

If Henry's motives were not so entirely bad as they have often been represented, neither they nor Anne Boleyn's can stand a moment's comparison with the unsullied purity of Catherine's life or the lofty courage with which she defended the cause she believed to be right.

There is no more pathetic figure in English history, nor one condemned to a crueller fate.

No breath of scandal touched her fair name, or impugned her devotion to Henry.

If she had the misfortune to be identified with a particular policy, the alliance with the House of Burgundy, the fault was not hers; she had been married to Henry in consideration of the advantages which that alliance was supposed to confer; and, if she used her influence to further Spanish interest, it was a natural feeling as near akin to virtue as to vice, and Carroz at least complained, in 1514, that she had completely identified herself with her husband and her husband's subjects.[548] If her miscarriages and the death of her children (p.