Be so kind as to make this new paradox appear specious, if you can.
-- How much did you pay for this wine?
-- A franc per quart.
-- How much would you have paid outside the city gates?
-- Fifty centimes.
-- Why this difference?
-- Ask the _octroi_[14] which added ten sous to it.
-- Who established the _octroi_?
-- The municipality of Paris, in order to pave and light the streets.
-- This is, then, an import duty.

But if the neighboring country districts had established this _octroi_ for their profit, what would happen?
-- I should none the less pay a franc for wine worth only fifty centimes, and the other fifty centimes would pave and light Montmartre and the Batignolles.
-- So that really it is the consumer who pays the tax?
-- There is no doubt of that.
-- Then by taxing exports you make foreigners help pay your expenses.[15] -- I find you at fault, this is not _justice_.
-- Why not?
In order to secure the production of any one thing, there must be instruction, security, roads, and other costly things in the country.

Why shall not the foreigner who is to consume this product, bear the charges its production necessitates?
-- This is contrary to received ideas.
-- Not the least in the world.

The last purchaser must repay all the direct and indirect expenses of production.
-- No matter what you say, it is plain that such a measure would paralyze commerce; and cut off all exports.
-- That is an illusion.

If you were to pay this tax besides all the others, you would be right.