That, even were this the case, protective duties cannot equalize the facilities of production.
4.

That freedom of trade equalizes these conditions as much as possible; and 5.

That the countries which are the least favored by nature are those which profit most by freedom of trade.
I.The equalizing of the facilities of production, is not only the shackling of certain articles of commerce, but it is the attacking of the system of mutual exchange in its very foundation principle.

For this system is based precisely upon the very diversities, or, if the expression be preferred, upon the inequalities of fertility, climate, temperature, capabilities, which the protectionists seek to render null.
If Guyenne sends its wines to Brittany, and Brittany sends corn to Guyenne, it is because these two provinces are, from different circumstances, induced to turn their attention to the production of different articles.

Is there any other rule for international exchanges?
Again, to bring against such exchanges the very inequalities of condition which excite and explain them, is to attack them in their very cause of being.