The presence of these obnoxious persons inflamed minds not commonly given to excitement, and drove many men to act from anger who were usually governed by reason.
In the Senate the proceedings were conducted with even more disregard of the President than had been manifested in the House.

An entire policy was outlined by Mr.Sumner, without the slightest reference to what the President might communicate "on the state of the Union," and a system of reconstruction proposed which was in absolute hostility to the one that Mr.Johnson had devised.

Mr.Sumner submitted resolutions defining the duty of Congress in respect to guarantees of the National security and National faith in the rebel States.

While the conditions were not put forth as a finality, they were significant, if not conclusive, of the demands which would be made, first by the more advanced Republicans, and ultimately by the entire party.

These resolutions declared that, in order to provide proper guarantees for security in the future, "Congress should take care that no one of the rebellious States should be allowed to resume its relations to the Union until after the satisfactory performance of five several conditions, which must be submitted to a popular vote, and be sanctioned by a majority of the people in each of those States respectively." These condition were, in some respects, marked by Mr.Sumner's lack of tact and practical wisdom as a legislator.