[Some Forerunners of Italian Opera by William James Henderson]@TWC D-Link book
Some Forerunners of Italian Opera

CHAPTER VII
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It is sung verse by verse, but its musical scheme is almost always conceived in a much broader spirit than that of the villanelle and gives to it almost the appearance of a durchcomponirt work.

But the systematic repetition of certain couplets in the manner of a refrain occasions the recurrence of whole musical periods.

Thus does the frottola acquire from its text that architectural shape which places it in marked contrast to the swift-paced and fluid contrapuntal chanson of the Netherlanders.

Its rhythm and accents are arranged not by the needs of contrapuntal development, but by the meter of the line and the accent of the Italian tongue.

This appears most prominently in the upper voice part, where often the controlling melody seems ready to break quite through in pure song style, but only partly succeeds.
In the texture of the voices all kinds of imitations appear, but only subordinated and in very modest setting.
"All this was a part of the steady progress toward monody, the final goal of Italian musical art, where, in extreme contrast to the Netherlandish subordination to school, the emergence and domination of individuality, the special and significant distinction of the Renaissance, were taking shape.


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