"In the signs of religion and the laws of salvation form necessarily prevails over essence, and the validity of a sacrament solely depends upon its form.

The whole question is whether the penguins have been baptized with the proper forms.

Now there is no doubt about the answer." The fathers and the doctors agreed, and their perplexity became only the more cruel.
"The Christian state," said St.Cornelius, "is not without serious inconveniences for a penguin.

In it the birds are obliged to work out their own salvation.

How can they succeed?
The habits of birds are, in many points, contrary to the commandments of the Church, and the penguins have no reason for changing theirs.