[The Rise of the Democracy by Joseph Clayton]@TWC D-Link bookThe Rise of the Democracy CHAPTER III 2/37
Richard left England for Normandy in 1194, and returned no more.
England to him was a country where money could be raised, a subject-province to be bled by taxation.
Archbishop Hubert did his best to satisfy the royal demands; and though by his inquisitions "England was reduced to poverty from one sea to the other"-- it is estimated that more than L1,000,000 was sent to Richard in two years--the King was left unsatisfied.
The nation generally came to hate the Archbishop's taxation, the Church suffered by his neglect, and he was finally compelled to resign the justiciarship. It was the London rising, under FitzOsbert's leadership, that directly caused Archbishop Hubert's retirement, and FitzOsbert is notable as the first of the long line of agitators. The political importance of the capital was seen in the reigns of Cnut and William the Conqueror.
It was conspicuous on the arrival of Stephen in 1135, and its influence on national politics lasted till the middle of the nineteenth century.[33] By its charter London had the right of raising taxes for the Crown in its own way, and in 1196 the method proposed by the Corporation provoked the outbreak.
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