The death of Essex, ecclesiastical persecutions, increased taxation, and the irritations caused by royal expenditure were all responsible for the discontent.

James I.failed from the first to secure the goodwill of the people.
[51] Oxford men all three.

Sir John Eliot was at Exeter College, 1607; John Hampden at Magdalen, 1609; and John Pym at Broadgate Hall (later called Pembroke), 1599.
[52] Clarendon, _History of the Great Rebellion_.
[53] "The same men who, six months before, were observed to be of very moderate tempers, and to wish that gentle remedies might be applied, talked now in another dialect both of Kings and persons; and said that they must now be of another temper than they were the last Parliament."-- CLARENDON, _ibid._ [54] Macaulay, _Hallam's Constitutional History_.
[55] "The great rule of Cromwell was a series of failures to reconcile the authority of the 'single person' with the authority of Parliament."-- ILBERT, _Parliament_.
[56] "A very large number of persons regarded the struggle with indifference....

In one case, the inhabitants of an entire county pledged themselves to remain neutral.

Many quietly changed with the times (as people changed with the varying fortunes of York and Lancaster).