In 1429 King Charles' council was uncertain as to whether Jacques d'Arc was a freeman or a serf.[220] And Jacques d'Arc himself doubtless was no better informed.

On both banks of the brook, the men of Lorraine and Champagne were alike peasants leading a life of toil and hardship.
Although they were subject to different masters they formed none the less one community closely united, one single rural family.

They shared interests, necessities, feelings--everything.

Threatened by the same dangers, they had the same anxieties.
[Footnote 217: E.Misset, _Jeanne d'Arc champenoise_, Paris, s.d.
(1894), 8vo.

Concerning the nationality of Joan of Arc there is a whole literature extremely rich, the bibliography of which it is impossible to give here.Cf.Lanery d'Arc, _Livre d'or_, pp.