He began life as a German Jew, and he is now a Frenchman and a Christian Bishop.

During the Empire he was chaplain to the court, and confessor of the Empress.

He is now chaplain of the Ambulances de la Presse, and has under his orders 800 "Freres Chretiens," who dress as priests, but are not in holy orders.

Both he and they display the greatest courage.

The Freres Chretiens are the foremost in picking up the wounded; going forward long before the firing is over.