Factions indeed were at this time extremely animated against each other.

The very names by which each party denominated its antagonist, discover the virulence and rancor which prevailed.

For besides petitioner and abhorrer, appellations which were soon forgotten, this year is remarkable for being the epoch of the well-known epithets of "whig" and "tory", by which, and sometimes without any material difference, this island has been so long divided.
The court party reproached their antagonists with their affinity to the fanatical conventiclers in Scotland, who were known by the name of whigs: the country party found a resemblance between the courtiers and the Popish banditti in Ireland, to whom the appellation of tory was affixed.

And after this manner these foolish terms of reproach came into public and general use; and even at present seem not nearer their end than when they were first invented.
The king used every art to encourage his partisans, and to reconcile the people to his government.

He persevered in the great zeal which he affected against Popery.