Its pay amounted to a yearly sum of one million forty-seven thousand seven hundred and fifteen pounds.[****] Afterwards the protector reduced the establishment to thirty thousand men; as appears by the "instrument of government and humble petition and advice." His frequent enterprises obliged him from time to time to augment them.

Richard had on foot in England an army of thirteen thousand two hundred and fifty-eight men, in Scotland nine thousand five hundred and six, in Ireland about ten thousand men.[v] The foot soldiers had commonly a shilling a day.[v*] The horse had two shillings and sixpence; so that many gentlemen and younger brothers of good family enlisted in the protector's cavalry.[v**] No wonder that such men were averse from the reestablishment of civil government, by which, they well knew, they must be deprived of so gainful a profession.
At the time of the battle of Worcester the parliament had on foot about eighty thousand men, partly militia, partly regular forces.

The vigor of the commonwealth, and the great capacity of those members who had assumed the government, never at any time appeared so conspicuous.[v***] * Whitlocke, p.

298.
** Whitlocke, p.

378.
*** Journal, 2d December, 1652.
**** Journal, 2d December, 1652.
v Journal, 6th of April, 1659.
v* Thurloe, vol.i.p.