Pope Pius V., who had succeeded Paul, after having endeavored in vain to conciliate by gentle means the friendship of Elizabeth, whom his predecessor's violence had irritated, issued at last a bull of excommunication against her, deprived her of all title to the crown, and absolved her subjects from their oaths of allegiance.[****] * Spotswood, p.

248, 249.
** Haynes, p.

623.
*** Spotswood.p.249, 250, etc.

Lesley, p.

133, 136.
Camden, p, 431, 432.
**** Camden, p.