By his intrigues, a league was formed among several potentates, to oppose the progress of Charles's conquests, and secure their own independency.
This league was composed of Ludovico himself, the pope, Maximilian, king of the Romans, Ferdinand of Spain, and the republic of Venice.

Henry too entered into the confederacy; but was not put to any expense or trouble in consequence of his engagements.

The king of France, terrified by so powerful a combination, retired from Naples with the greater part of his army, and returned to France.

The forces which he left in his new conquest were, partly by the revolt of the inhabitants, partly by the invasion of the Spaniards, soon after subdued; and the whole kingdom of Naples suddenly returned to its allegiance under Ferdinand, son to Alphonso, who had been suddenly expelled by the irruption of the French.

Ferdinand died soon after, and left his uncle Frederick in full possession of the throne..