Over his shoulder was slung a bag from which projected his opium-pipe; a tobacco pipe and tobacco box hung at his girdle; a green glass bottle of crude opium he carried round his neck.
The chairen is the policeman of China, the lictor of the magistrate, the satellite of the official; the soldier is the representative of military authority.

Now, China, in the person of her greatest statesman, Li Hung Chang, has, through the secretary of the Anti-Opium Society, called upon England "to aid her in the efforts she is now making to suppress opium." If, then, China is sincere in her alleged efforts to abolish opium, it is the chairen and the soldier who must be employed by the authorities to suppress the evil; yet I have never been accompanied by either a chairen or a soldier who did not smoke opium, nor have I to my knowledge ever met a chairen or a soldier who was not an opium-smoker.

Through all districts of Yunnan, wherever the soil permits it, the poppy is grown for miles, as far as the sight can reach, on every available acre, on both sides of the road.
But why does China grow this poppy?
Have not the _literati_ and elders of Canton written to support the schemes of the Anti-Opium Society in these thrilling words: "If Englishmen wish to know the sentiments of China, here they are:--If we are told to let things go on as they are going, then there is no remedy and no salvation for China.

Oh! it makes the blood run cold, and we want in this our extremity to ask the question of High Heaven, what unknown crimes or atrocity have the Chinese people committed beyond all others that they are doomed to suffer thus ?" (Cited by Mr.S.S.Mander, _China's Millions_, iv., 156.) And the women of Canton, have they not written to the missionaries "that there is no tear that they shed that is not red with blood because of this opium ?" ("China," by M.Reed, p.

63).