but, after all, the actors, like other folk, must be taught how to speak as children in the home, at school, and in society." In pronunciation the words should seem to be formed by the upper lip and to come out through it.

By this method it will be found easy to pronounce distinctly.

The words will thus be formed outside the mouth and be readily heard, as is a person talking in front of, instead of behind, a screen.

A single, intelligent trial will be sufficient to show the correctness of the statement.

Thinking of the upper lip as the fashioner of the words makes speaking easy and singing a delight.
To smile while talking gives to the words a flat, silly sound, hence the corners of the mouth should be kept well forward.
THE SINGER'S SCALE OF VOWEL SOUNDS [Illustration: 1 n_ee_ 2 n_i_t 3 n_e_t 4 n_a_y 5 n_ai_r 6 n_a_t 7 n_i_gh 8 N_a_h 7' n_o_t 6' n_a_w 5' n_e_r 4' n_u_t 3' n_o_ 2' n_oo_k 1' n_oo_.] It may fasten this in mind to remember that at one end of the vowel scale is--_me_, at the other--_you_.
The teeth and lips are most closed at the extremes of this scale, and gradually open toward _ah_, with which vowel they are widest apart.
In the series 1-8 the tongue is highest in the centre for _ee_ and gradually descends until it lies flat in the mouth for _ah_.
The _upper_ pharynx is most closed in 1, most open in 8, and closes more and more in the descending series 7'-1'.
The _lower_ pharynx gradually opens in the descending series 7'-1'.
The researches of Helmholtz, Koenig, Willis, Wheatstone, Appunn, Bell, and others have shown that each vowel sound has its own characteristic pitch.