In making a white sauce some cooks add, from time to time while the sauce is being stirred, a few drops of lemon juice, which they claim makes the sauce much whiter.
Sometimes we make the sauce after another fashion, using the same proportions of the various ingredients.

If water or stock be used, put it in the blazer directly over the fire.

If the liquid be milk, put it into the blazer, and the blazer over hot water; cream together the butter, flour and seasonings, dilute with a little of the hot liquid, pour into the remainder of the hot liquid, and stir constantly until the sauce thickens, and then occasionally for ten or fifteen minutes, until the flour is thoroughly cooked.
In making a brown sauce, first brown the butter, then brown the flour in the butter, and, whenever it is convenient, use brown stock as the liquid.
INGREDIENTS FOR ONE CUP OF SAUCE.
2 tablespoonfuls of butter.
2 tablespoonfuls of flour.
1/4 a teaspoonful of salt.
A few grains of pepper.
1 cup of liquid.
INGREDIENTS FOR ONE PINT OF SAUCE.
1/4 a cup of butter.
1/4 a cup of flour.
1/2 a teaspoonful of salt.
1/4 a teaspoonful of pepper.
1 pint of liquid.
=Measuring.= In all recipes where flour is used, unless otherwise stated, the flour is measured after sifting once.

When flour is measured by cups, the cup is filled with a spoon, and a level cupful is meant.

A tablespoonful or teaspoonful of any designated material is a level spoonful of such material.
=Flavoring.= When rich soup stock, flavored with vegetables and sweet herbs, is at hand for use in sauces, additional seasonings are not necessary; but when a sauce is made of milk, water, or water and meat extract, some flavor more or less pronounced is demanded.