As a compact and scholarly survey, this little book is recommended to Americans who comprehend that there are two sides to every question.

The Canadians fought stubbornly and successfully to defend their country against invasion in a war whose slogan "Free Trade and Sailors' Rights" was no direct concern of theirs.
INDEX Adair, John, 215 Adams, Henry, quoted, 20, 117 _Adams_ (ship), 141 Alabama, Indians aroused in, 201 _Alabama_ raids compared with those of _Essex_, 154 Albany, militia at Sackett's Harbor from, 77 Alexandria, British fleet at, 197 Allen, Captain W.H., 142, 143 Amherstburg, Canadian post, 11; Hull plans assault, 11, 14, 16; Brock at, 17; defeat of British, 21, 42; Harrison against, 24, 25; Procter commands, 26; British advance from, 27 Anderson, James, of the _Essex_, 162 Annapolis, British fleet at, 187 _Argus_ (brig), 94; and the _Pelican_, 142-44 _Ariel_ (brig), 57, 62 Armstrong, John, Secretary of War, 37, 175; plans offensive, 72, 80, 84; and Wilkinson, 81-82; orders winter quarters, 82 Army, in 1812, 5-8; state control, 6-8; incapable officers, 10-11; at Niagara, 14-15; Hull's forces, 15; mutiny, 17; failure to supply, 24; forces under Winchester, 25; at New Orleans, 210-11 _Astrea_ (ship), 218 _Avon_ (British brig), fight with _Wasp_, 146-47 Bainbridge, Captain William, 90, 95, 117, 121, 127, 136-137, 138 Baltimore, British fleet at, 187; attack on, 197-99, 219 Bangor (Me.), British land at, 187 Barclay, Captain R.H., British officer, 52, 53, 54, 56, 60, 61 Barney, Commodore Joshua, 92, 189, 193, 194; account of battle of Bladensburg, 195 Barrancas, Fort, 208 Barron, Commodore James, 91 Belfast (Me.), British at, 187 _Belvidera_ (British frigate), 96; fight with _President_, 94-95 Benton, T.H., and Jackson, 202 _Betsy_ (brig), 104 Biddle, Lieutenant James, on the _Wasp_, 111-12 Biddle, Captain Nicholas, 92 Black Rock, navy yard at, 39, 48; Elliott at, 49; invasion of Canada from, 70; Indians against, 88 Bladensburg, battle, 191-96 Blakely, Captain Johnston, 137, 144, 145, 146, 147 Blockade, 124-25, 148, 185 Blyth, Captain Samuel, 140 Boerstler, Colonel, 76 _Bonne Citoyenne_ (British sloop-of-war), 126 Bowyer, Fort, 206, 207 _Boxer_, duel with _Enterprise_, 189-40 Boyd, General J.P., 74, 76, 83 Brewster (Mass.), war levy, 188 Brock, Major General Isaac, British commander, 12-13, 14; against Hull, 15, 17; Hull surrenders Detroit to, 18-19; on Elliott's victory, 40; on Niagara River, 65; killed, 66 Broke, Captain P.V., of the _Shannon_, 96, 128-29, 130, 134, 138-39 Brown, General Jacob, at Sackett's Harbor, 77, 78, 79; at Chrystler's Farm, 82-83; Niagara campaign, 167, 168, 169, 170; at Lundy's Lane, 171-72, 191 Budd, George, second lieutenant on _Chesapeake_, 134 Buffalo, Elliott at, 38; difficulty of taking supplies to, 47; American regulars sent to, 65; base of operations, 70, 72; Indians against, 88 Burrows, Captain William, of the _Enterprise_, 139 Cabinet advises General Winder, 192 _Caledonia_ (British brig), 38-39; Elliott captures, 39; in American squadron, 49-50, 56 Canada, "On to Canada!" slogan of frontiersmen, 4; vulnerable point in War of 1812, 9, 10; population and extent, 10; plans for invasion of, 13-14; Hull abandons invasion of, 16; Niagara campaign, 64 _et seq._, 167-77 Canning, George, British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 92 Carden, Captain J.S., of the _Macedonian_, 114, 115, 116 Cass, Colonel Lewis, 18 Castine, British land at, 187 Champlain, Lake, Dearborn on, 71; Hampton in command, 80, 81; Macdonough's victory, 166 _et seq._ Chandler, General John, 74, 75 Chateauguay River, Hampton on, 84, 85 Chauncey, Captain Isaac, leads sailors from New York to Buffalo, 39; in command of naval forces on Lakes Erie and Ontario, 47, 48; extreme caution, 49, 55, 56, 170-71; on Lake Ontario, 49, 50, 63; and Perry, 50-51, 55, 56; and Niagara campaign, 72, 73, 74, 77, 82, 170-71 _Cherub_ (British sloop-of-war), 157, 159, 160, 161 _Chesapeake_ (frigate), and _Leopard_, 91; Lawrence on, 96, 127-28; defeated by _Shannon_, 128-39; Allen on, 142 Chesapeake Bay, blockade of 185; Cockburn in, 186; British army comes to, 189; British fleet in, 197 Chippawa, Brock's forces at 65, 67; battle, 168-70 Chrystler's Farm, battle, 83 _Chub_ (British schooner), 180 Clay, Brigadier General Green, 31 Clay, Henry, on conquest of Canada, 9 Cleveland, Harrison's headquarters at, 33 Cochrane, Vice Admiral Alexander, 198, 218 Cockburn, Rear Admiral George, 186, 195, 196 Cod, Cape, British raids on, 188 Coffee, General John, 211, 215 _Confiance_ (British frigate), 179, 180 Congress, declares war on Great Britain (1812), 4; and the navy, 90; votes prize money for _Constitution_, 107; prize money for _Wasp_, 113; and maritime trouble with France, 152; refuses to sanction Jackson's expedition, 201 _Congress_ (frigate), 94, 141 Connecticut, attitude toward War of 1812, 7 _Constellation_ (frigate), 92, 141, 187 _Constitution_ (frigate), 2, 125; Hull and, 95, 116, 128; now in Boston Navy Yard, 95-96; encounter with British squadron, 96-99; and _Guerriere_, 100-07, 108, 122-23; "Old Ironsides," 101; under Bainbridge, 116-17; health conditions on, 117-18; encounter with _Java_, 118-21, 123-24, 154; Lawrence and, 126; influence, 139; in 1813, 141; gains open sea in 1814, 147 Creek Indians, 201 Creighton, Captain J.O., 137 Crockett, David, 202 Croghan, Major George, at Fort Stephenson, 34-35, 36, 38, 46 Crowninshield, Captain George, 136 _Cyane_ (British frigate), 147 Dacres, Captain John, of the _Guerriere_, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104 Dayton (O.), Hull takes command at, 12 Dearborn, Major General Henry, plans invasion of Canada, 13, 73; commander-in-chief of American forces, 14; incompetency, 14; and Niagara campaign, 64, 65, 74-75, 76; campaign against Montreal, 71-72; wishes to retire, 72, 75; Armstrong and, 72; Brown reports battle of Sackett's Harbor to, 78-79; retired, 80; age, 117 Dearborn, Fort (Chicago), burned, 19; massacre, 20 Decatur, Captain Stephen, 138; and the _Philadelphia_ (1804), 92; squadron commander, 94; on the _United States_, 114, 115; on the _President_, 148, 149; Defiance, Fort, 24 Delaware Bay, blockade of, 185 Derby, Captain John, 218 Detroit, 64; first campaign from, 11, 14; Hull at, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16; mutiny at, 15; surrender of, 17-18, 19, 20, 22, 106-07; in British hands, 31; Procter abandons, 42; Harrison returns to, 45 _Detroit_ (brig), taken from Hull, 38; Elliott captures, 39-40 _Detroit_ (British ship), 54, 56, 57, 60 Downes, Lieutenant John, 155, 156 Downie, Captain George, British officer, 178, 183 Drummond, General Sir George Gordon, 172 _Eagle_ (brig), 180 Eastham (Mass.), war levy, 188 Eastport (Me.), captured, 187 Elliott, Lieutenant J.D., builds fleet on Lake Erie, 38, 48; captures _Caledonia_ and _Detroit_, 39-40; with Perry, 54, 58 _Endymion_ (British frigate), 150 _Enterprise_ (brig), encounter with _Boxer_, 139-40 _Epervier_ (British brig), fight with _Peacock_, 144 Erie, Barclay off, 52; _see also_ Presqu' Isle Erie, Fort, Elliott captures ships near, 39; Brock at, 65; Americans capture, 168; Scott and Brown occupy, 173 Erie, Lake, Hull's schooner captured on, 12; Perry on, 21, 40 _et seq._; Harrison on shores of, 24, 30; Chauncey in command on, 47, 48 _Essex_ (frigate), 141, 147; last cruise, 151 _et seq._; building of, 153; capture by Hillyar, 161-65 _Essex, Junior_ (cruiser), 156, 159 Eustis, William, Secretary of War, 24 Faneuil Hall, banquet for Hull at, 106 Farragut, Admiral D.G., 181; motto, 46; cited, _59_; midshipman on _Essex_, 161-62 _Finch_ (British schooner), 180 Florida, West, Jackson and, 200 France, American feeling toward, 3; as maritime enemy, 151-52, 154 Fredericktown burned, 186 "Free Trade and Sailors' Rights," 3, 91, 137 Frenchtown, _see_ Raisin River _Frolic_ (British brig), encounter with _Wasp_, 108-13 Galapagos Islands, _Essex_ at, 155 Gallatin, Albert, quoted, 219-220 George, Fort, British fort, 67; evacuated by British, 74-75; retaken, 87 Georgia, Indians aroused in, 201 _Georgiana_ (British whaling ship), _Essex_ captures, 155; renamed _Essex, Junior_, 156 Great Britain, and free sea, 2-3; Indian wars, 4; war declared on (1812), 4; and Indians, 10; and Napoleon, 124; blockading measures, 124-25 Great Lakes, British on, 38 _Guerriere_ (British frigate), 2, 96; encounter with _Constitution_, 100-07, 108, 122-23; celebration of capture, 116 Hamilton, Alexander, Izard aide to, 175 Hampton, General Wade, in campaign against Montreal, 80, 81, 83-84, 86; and Wilkinson, 80-81; cause of failure, 86; age, 117 Hampton, British foray on village of, 187 Haraden, Captain Jonathan, 153 Harrison, General W.H., campaign, 22 _et seq._; report to Secretary of War, 29-30; Croghan and, 35; Armstrong on, 37-38; and Perry's victory, 41, 63; resumes campaign, 42; becomes President of United States, 45 Havre de Grace burned, 186 Hazen, Benjamin, of the _Essex,_ 162 _Henry_ (brig), 186, 187 _Hermes_ (British sloop-of-war), 207 Hillyar, Captain James, British officer, 157, 158, 159-60, 161, 164-65 _Hornet_ (sloop-of-war), 48, 94; Lawrence on, 126; and _Peacock_, 127; in South American waters, 154 Horseshoe Bend, battle, 204 Houston, Samuel, 202 Hull, Captain Isaac, of the _Constitution_, 95, 128, 138; and British squadron, 96, 97, 98, 99; and _Guerriere_, 101, 102, 103, 106; and Dacres, 104; victory celebrated, 106, 107, 108; gives up command of _Constitution_, 116-17; at Lawrence's funeral, 136 Hull, General William, 34, 68, 71, 88, 98; Detroit campaign, 11 _et seq._; troops, 15, 17; surrender, 19; court-martial, 19-20; Harrison and, 22; age, 117 Impressment of seamen, 90 Indian wars, enmity toward Great Britain because of, 4 Indians, British and, 10, 55; against Americans, 16, 67, 76; in Canadian army, 17; Procter and, 26; abandon British cause, 44; ravage frontier, 88; massacre at Fort Mims, 202 Izard, General George, 175, 176 Jackson, Andrew, at New Orleans, 17-18, 208 _et seq._; and Florida expedition, 200-03; at Horseshoe Bend, 204; at Pensacola, 207-08 _Jacob Jones_ (destroyer), 109 _Java_ (British frigate), encounter with _Constitution_, 118-20, 154 Jefferson, Thomas, and gunboats, 8-9; on conquest of Canada, 9-10 Johnson, Allen, _Jefferson and his Colleagues_, cited, 2 Johnson, Colonel R.M., 41, 43, 44, 46; Jones, Captain, Jacob, of the _Wasp_, 109, 110, 111, 113; Jones, John Paul, cited, 59; American naval officers serve with, 92; on the _Ranger_, 141 Kentucky, defends western border, 22; militia, 24, 31 Key, F.S., _Star-Spangled Banner_, 198-99 Kingston, plan to capture, 72, 73; Prevost embarks at, 77 _Lady Prevost_ (British schooner), 56 Lafitte, Jean, 206 Lafitte, Pierre, 206, 211, 215 Lambert, Captain Henry, of the _Java_, 118 Lang, Jack, sailor on the _Wasp_, 111 _La Vengeance_ (French ship) and _Constellation_, 93 Lawrence, Captain James, of the _Chesapeake_, 96, 127-28, 129-30; on the _Hornet_, 126, 127; fights _Shannon_, 130-136; death, 131, 133, 135; account of funeral, 136-37 _Lawrence_ (brig), 49, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58 _Leopard_ and _Chesapeake_, 91, 142 _Levant_ (British sloop-of-war), fight with _Constitution_, 147 Lewis, General Morgan, 75-76, 83 _Linnet_ (British brig), 180 _L'Insurgente_ (French ship) and _Constellation_, 92 Long Island Sound, British fleet in, 188 Ludlow, Lieutenant A.C, of the _Chesapeake_, 133,136, 137 Lundy's Lane, battle, 2, 171-173 McArthur, Colonel, 18 Macdonough, Commodore Thomas, on Lake Champlain, 166, 167, 171, 178, 179-84 _Macedonian_ (British frigate), Decatur captures, 114-16, 142; as American frigate, 141 McHenry, Fort, 197, 198 Mackinac, fall of, 19, 20 Mackinaw, _see_ Mackinac M'Knight, Lieutenant, S.D., of the _Essex_, 163 Macomb, Brigadier General Alexander, 177 Madison, James, and Hull, 12, 19; reviews troops, 191; at battle of Bladensburg, 192; policy as to West Florida, 200 Mahan, Captain A.T., quoted, 128 Maine, British raids, 187 Malden (Amherstburg), 43; _see also_ Amherstburg Massachusetts, attitude toward War of 1812, 7, 91 Maumee Rapids, Harrison at, 30 Maumee River, Hull at, 12 Meigs, Fort, massacre at, 20, 32; built, 30; Procter besieges, 31-32, 36; Harrison again at, 33 Merchant marine, 93 Miller, Captain, at battle of Bladensburg, 195 Miller, Colonel John, 17, 33 Mims, Samuel, 202 Mims, Fort, massacre, 202 Mississippi Valley and invasion of Florida, 200 Mobile, Jackson at, 204, 206-207, 208 Montreal, plan of attack, 14; campaign against, 71, 82-87 Moraviantown, Procter goes to, 42 Morris, Lieutenant Charles, on the _Constitution_, 101, 107 Mulcaster, Captain W.H., 83 Murray, Colonel, British officer, 87 Napoleon, Great Britain and, 2; offenses against American commerce, 8 Navy, 8-9,38; on Lake Erie, 46 _et seq._; on the sea, 89 _et seq._; augmented by private subscriptions, 152; victory on Lake Champlain, 166 _et seq._ Nelson, Horatio, Viscount, quoted, 141 New England, attitude toward War of 1812, 7-8; British raids in, 187-88 New Orleans, battle of, 166, 175, 208-18, 219 New York, apprehension in, 148 Niagara, campaign planned, 13-14; American forces at, 14-15; campaign, 64 _et seq._; renewal of struggle for region of (1814), 167-77 _Niagara_ (brig), 49, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59 Niagara, Fort, 87 Nicholls, Major Edward, 205 Norfolk, Warren attacks, 187 Northwest Territory regained for United States, 44, 63 Ohio, Hull sends troops to, 16; defends western border, 22; militia, 31 "Old Ironsides," 101, see also _Constitution_ Ontario, Lake, Chauncey in command on, 47, 48, 49, 50; battle at Sackett's Harbor, 77-79 Orne, Captain W.B., 104 Paine, R.D., _The Old Merchant Marine_, cited, 93 (note) Pakenham, General Sir Edward, at New Orleans, 209-210, 212, 213, 214, 216-17 Patterson, Commodore D.T., at New Orleans, 214 _Peacock_ (British brig) and _Hornet_, 127 _Peacock_ (sloop-of-war), 144 _Pelican_ (British brig), 142 Pennsylvania, brigade in Western campaign from, 23; militia at Erie, 52-53 Pensacola, British pull down Spanish flag at, 204-05; Jackson at, 207-08 Perry, O.H., 180-81; victory on Lake Erie, 21, 46 _et seq._, 166; and Harrison, 41, 63; famous message, 41, 62 _Philadelphia_ (frigate), 92 _Phoebe_ (British frigate) and _Essex_, 157-65 _Pilot_, The, on destruction of the _Java_, 123-24 Plattsburg, Dearborn at, 71; troops moved from, 74, 80; Izard at, 175, 176; Prevost at, 176, 177,178 Plattsburg Bay, battle of, 177-184, 219 _Poictiers_ (British ship), 113 _Pomone_ (British frigate), 150 Porter, Captain David, of the _Essex_, 151; raids on British whaling fleet, 154-56; _Phoebe_ and _Cherub_ seek, 157-64; account of surrender of _Essex_, 163-64 _President_ (frigate), 141, 147, 148, 149; encounters _Belvidera_, 94-95; Rodgers in command of, 101; captured, 150 Presqu' Isle (Erie), navy yard at, 48; _see also_ Erie Prevost, Sir George, Governor General of Canada, 54; crosses Lake Ontario, 77; defends Montreal, 84-85; goes to Plattsburg, 176, 177; quoted, 176-77, 178-79 Privateers, 93 Procter, Colonel Henry, battle of the Raisin, 26; character, 26; and Harrison, 30, 34, 37-38; at Fort Meigs, 31-32, 33; at Fort Stephenson, 36; blames Indians for defeat, 36-37; Brock reports to, 40-41; and Tecumseh, 42; official disgrace, 45 Put-in Bay, Perry at, 54 _Queen Charlotte_ (British ship), 56, 58, 60 Queenston, attack on, 65-67; British at, 168, 170 Quincy, Josiah, 91 Raisin River, massacre at, 20, 26-30, 36; Winchester at Frenchtown, 25 _Ranger_ (frigate), 141 _Rattlesnake_ (brig), 137 _Reindeer_ (British brig), 145 Rennie, Colonel, British officer, 217 Riall, General Phineas, 168,170 Ripley, General E.W., 173 Ripley, John, seaman on _Essex_, 162 Rodgers, Commodore John, 94, 95, 101, 113-14 Ross, General Robert, 188, 194; and Barney, 195; in Washington, 196; against Baltimore, 197; killed, 198 Rush, Richard, quoted, 132 Sackett's Harbor, Lake Ontario, invasion of Canada planned from, 13-14; Chauncey, at, 47, 48; in Niagara campaign, 72, 74, 76-77; battle at, 77-79; campaign against Montreal, 80, 81; Brown at, 167; fleet at, 170 St.Lawrence River, plan to gain control of, 72; Wilkinson's army descends, 80; Wilkinson abandons voyage down, 83-84 Salaberry, Colonel de, 85, 86 Salem contributes _Essex_ to navy, 152 Salem Marine Society, 136 _Saratoga_ (flagship), 180 _Scorpion_ (brig), 57, 62 Scott, Michael, _Tom Cringle's Log_, quoted, 145 Scott, Winfield, quoted, 5; at Queenston, 66; at Chippawa, 68, 168-69; taken prisoner, 68; in control of army, 73; at Fort George, 74; on Wilkinson, 80; trains Brown's troops, 167; at Lundy's Lane, 171, 172,191; wounded, 173 Seneca, Harrison at, 37, 38, 41 _Shannon_ (British frigate), encounter with _Constitution_, 96-99; defeats _Chesapeake_, 128-39 Shipbuilding on Lake Erie, 50 Sims, Vice-Admiral W.S., 220-21 Smith, General Samuel, 197 Smyth, Brigadier General Alexander, 65, 66, 68-69, 70-71 _Sophie_ (British ship), 207 Spain and West Florida, 200 Squaw Island, Elliott at, 38 Stephenson, Fort, Harrison at, 34; Croghan at, 36, 46; Procter's defeat, 36, 37-38 Stewart, Captain Charles, 136, 147 Stonington, British bombard, 188 Stony Creek, battle, 75 Tecumseh, 16, 18, 31, 32, 34, 42; death, 44; and Creek Indians, 201 _Tenedos_ (British frigate), 150 Thames River, Procter's defeat at, 43-44 Thornton, Colonel Sir William, British officer, 214 _Ticonderoga_ (schooner), 180 _Times_, London, account of fight of _Guerriere_, 122-23 Tippecanoe campaign, 20 Toronto, _see_ York Transportation, effect of blockade on, 148 _United States_ (frigate), 94, 139; captures _Macedonian_, 114-116, 142; and blockade, 141 Upper Sandusky, Harrison's headquarters, 33, 34 Valparaiso, _Essex_ at, 155, 156, 157; _Essex_ and _Phoebe_ at, 158 _et seq._ Van Rensselaer, Major General Stephen, 64, 65, 66, 68, 71 Vincent, General John, British officer, 74, 75 Virginia, brigades from, 23 War of 1812, a victory, 1; causes, 2-4; army, 5-8; "Mr.Madison's War," 8; navy, 8-9, 89 _et seq._; campaign in West, 11 _et seq._; Perry and Lake Erie, 46 _et seq._; the Northern Front, 64 _et seq._; victory on Lake Champlain, 166 _et seq._; peace with honor, 185 _et seq._; bibliography, 223-25 Warren, Admiral Sir J.B., 138, 185, 187 Warrington, Captain Lewis, of the _Peacock_, 144 Washington, George, on need of regular army, 6-7; and Hull, 11 Washington, Capitol burned, 73, 196; naval ball to celebrate capture of _Guerriere_, 116; British fleet causes consternation in, 187; British decide to attack, 189; capture of, 166, 190-96 _Wasp_ (sloop-of-war), 48; encounter with _Frolic_, 108-13; last cruise, 144-47; disappearance, 147 Wellfleet (Mass.), war levy, 188 Whinyates, Captain Thomas, of the _Frolic_, 109, 112 Wilkinson, James, succeeds Dearborn, 80; character, 80; Hampton and, 81, 84; and Armstrong, 81; campaign, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87; age, 117 Winchester, General James, as a leader, 24-25; at Raisin River, 25, 26-27, 28 Winder, General W.H., in Niagara campaign, 74, 75; at Washington, 190-91, 192 Wool, Captain J.E., at Queenston, 66 Yeo, Sir James, 49, 77 York (Toronto), plans to capture, 72, 73 capture, 73.