In the proposition, _'Of' was used more indefinitely three hundred years ago than it is now_, 'of' is categorematic.

On the other hand, all substantives may be used categorematically; and the same self-sufficiency is usually recognised in adjectives and participles.

Some, however, hold that the categorematic use of adjectives and participles is due to an ellipsis which the logician should fill up; that instead of _Gold is heavy_, he should say _Gold is a heavy metal_; instead of _The sun is shining_, _The sun is a body shining_.

But in these cases the words 'metal' and 'body' are unmistakable tautology, since 'metal' is implied in gold and 'body' in sun.

But, as we have seen, any of these kinds of word, substantive, adjective, or participle, may occur syncategorematically in connection with others to form a composite term.
Sec.4.Most terms (the exceptions and doubtful cases will be discussed hereafter) have two functions, a denotative and a connotative.