Subordinate departments have distributed the executive functions in their various relations to foreign affairs, to the revenue and expenditures, and to the military force of the Union, by land and sea.

A co-ordinate department of the judiciary has expounded the constitution and the laws; settling, in harmonious coincidence with the legislative will, numerous weighty questions of construction, which the imperfection of human language had rendered unavoidable.

The year of jubilee since the first formation of our Union, has just elapsed; that of the Declaration of our Independence is at hand.
The consummation of both was effected by this constitution.

Since that period, a population of four millions has multiplied to twelve.

A territory bounded by the Mississippi has been extended from sea to sea.
New States have been admitted to the Union, in numbers nearly equal to those of the first confederation.