But they worked scientifically and under the most intelligent protective tariff the world has ever seen.

In a generation they built up a foreign trade surpassing that of the United States and reaching $4,500,000,000 per annum.

By her rate of progress she was on the way to distance England, whose ports and business were open to her merchants without even the full English income tax.

She built the biggest passenger steamers ever conceived of and reached for the freight carrying trade of the world.

She mined in coal and iron and built solidly of brick and stone.