The great host of Austria was shattered in seven weeks; the French Imperial army was destroyed in seven weeks and three days; and to all intents and purposes the resistance they had offered was not much more effective than that of a respectable militia.

But both the Austrian and the French armies were organized and trained under the old system.

Courage, experience, and professional pride they possessed in abundance.

Man for man, in all virile qualities, neither officers nor men were inferior to their foes.

But one thing their generals lacked, and that was education for war.