[A Critical Examination of Socialism by William Hurrell Mallock]@TWC D-Link book
A Critical Examination of Socialism

CHAPTER II
5/9

On the contrary, as fast as it is produced, it is abstracted from the labourer in a manner, which he goes on to analyse, by the capitalist.
Marx here advances to the second stage of his argument.

Capital, as he conceives of it, is the tools or instruments of production; and modern capital for him means those vast aggregates of machinery by the use of which in most industries the earlier implements have been displaced.
Now, here, says Marx, the capitalist is sure to interpose with the objection that the increased output of wealth is due, not to labour, but to the machinery, and that the labourer, as such, has consequently no claim on it.

But to this objection Marx is ready with the following answer--that the machinery itself is nothing but past labour in disguise.

It is past labour crystallised, or embodied in an external form, and used by present labour to assist itself in its own operations.
Every wheel, crank, and connecting-rod, every rivet in every boiler, owes its shape and its place to labour, and labour only.

Labour, therefore--the labour of the average multitude--remains the sole agent in the production of wealth, after all.
Capital, however, as thus understood, has, he says, this peculiarity--that, being labour in an externalised and also in a permanent form, it is capable of being detached from the labourers and appropriated by other people; and the essence of modern capitalism is neither more nor less than this--the appropriation of the instruments of production by a minority who are not producers.


<<Back  Index  Next>>

D-Link book Top

TWC mobile books