S states that "his reason of all reasons is, that Italy belongs to the Italians, and that the Italians have the right of dividing it, uniting it, and governing it, as seems good in their own sight." To this X answers, "I adopt and apply your own principle.

Turin, with its houses, belongs to the Turinese; therefore the Turinese have the right to divide or unite the houses of Turin, or drive out their possessors, as seems good in their own sight." The gross disingenuousness, the palpable quibble in this argument, need no exposure.

Logically, however, the argument is rather above the usual range.

X then proceeds to frighten S with the old bugbears;--the impossibility of real union between the Italian races; the absorption of the local small capitals in the event of a great kingdom, and the certainty that the European powers will never consent to an Italian monarchy.

This conclusion is a short _resume_ of Papal history, which will somewhat surprise the readers of Ranke and Gibbon.
"After the death of Constantine, the almost regal authority of the Popes in reality commenced.