the Lion and the Lizard keep The Courts where Jamshyd gloried and drank deep sends a chill to the heart, and one trembles with a sense of human instability.

With this feeling we enter the Middle Ages.

Following the glory that was Greece and the grandeur that was Rome, a desolation came upon the civilized world, in which the light of learning burned low, flickering almost to extinction.

How came it possible that the gifts of Athens and of Alexandria were deliberately thrown away?
For three causes.

The barbarians shattered the Roman Empire to its foundations.
When Alaric entered Rome in 410 A.D., ghastly was the impression made on the contemporaries; the Roman world shuddered in a titanic spasm (Lindner).