A few names stand out prominently, but it is mainly a blank period in our records.

Perhaps one man may be mentioned, as he had a great influence on later ages--Actuarius, who lived about 1300, and whose book on the urine laid the foundation of much of the popular uroscopy and water-casting that had such a vogue in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

His work on the subject passed through a dozen Latin editions, but is best studied in Ideler's "Physici et medici Graeci minores" (Berlin, 1841).
(9) It has been reproduced by Seatone de Vries, Leyden, 1905, Codices graeci et latini photographice depicti, Vol.

X.
The Byzantine stream of Greek medicine had dwindled to a very tiny rill when the fall of Constantinople (1453) dispersed to the West many Greek scholars and many precious manuscripts.
ARABIAN MEDICINE THE third and by far the strongest branch of the Greek river reached the West after a remarkable and meandering course.

The map before you shows the distribution of the Graeco-Roman Christian world at the beginning of the seventh century.