Between the third century and the fall of Constantinople there was a continuous series of Byzantine physicians whose inspiration was largely derived from the old Greek sources.

The most distinguished of these was Oribasius, a voluminous compiler, a native of Pergamon and so close a follower of his great townsman that he has been called "Galen's ape." He left many works, an edition of which was edited by Bussemaker and Daremberg.

Many facts relating to the older writers are recorded in his writings.

He was a contemporary, friend as well as the physician, of the Emperor Julian, for whom he prepared an encyclopaedia of the medical sciences.
Other important Byzantine writers were Aetius and Alexander of Tralles, both of whom were strongly under the influence of Galen and Hippocrates.
Their materia medica was based largely upon Dioscorides.
From Byzantium we have the earliest known complete medical manuscript, dating from the fifth century--a work of Dioscorides--one of the most beautiful in existence.

It was prepared for Anicia Juliana, daughter of the Emperor of the East, and is now one of the great treasures of the Imperial Library at Vienna.( 9) From those early centuries till the fall of Constantinople there is very little of interest medically.